Primary Health Care (PHC) is the foundation of an effective healthcare system, playing a crucial role in disease prevention, health promotion, and universal health coverage. However, the utilization of PHC services faces numerous challenges that hinder its effectiveness, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study explores the key obstacles affecting PHC utilization and proposes viable solutions to improve accessibility and service delivery. The challenges include infrastructural deficiencies, inadequate medical equipment, and poor healthcare facility conditions. Human resource shortages, low motivation, and workforce migration further exacerbate the problem. Financial barriers such as high out-of-pocket expenses, insufficient health insurance coverage, and inadequate government funding limit access to essential services. Socio-cultural factors, including low health literacy, traditional medicine preferences, and gender-related barriers, also contribute to underutilization. Additionally, geographical challenges, weak referral systems, and ineffective policy implementation further hinder PHC effectiveness. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, ensuring the availability of essential drugs, and expanding human resource capacity through recruitment and incentives are essential. Financial access can be improved through expanded health insurance schemes and government subsidies for vulnerable populations. Community engagement, health education, and policy enforcement are crucial in overcoming socio-cultural and governance-related issues. Furthermore, enhancing accessibility through mobile health services, telemedicine, and integrating PHC with secondary healthcare can improve service delivery. This study highlights the urgent need for sustainable strategies to enhance PHC utilization, emphasizing the role of government, healthcare professionals, and community stakeholders in achieving an efficient and equitable healthcare system.

Keywords: Primary Health Care (PHC), Healthcare utilization, Access to healthcare, Healthcare challenges, Health system strengthening,

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